{"id":1591,"date":"2020-12-31T09:15:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T16:15:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591"},"modified":"2021-01-03T02:38:54","modified_gmt":"2021-01-03T09:38:54","slug":"jill-lepores-if-then","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591","title":{"rendered":"Jill Lepore&#8217;s &#8216;if then&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore&#8217;s extraordinary new book <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/jlepore\/publications\/if-then-how-simulmatics-corporation-invented-future\"><\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/jlepore\/publications\/if-then-how-simulmatics-corporation-invented-future\">IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future<\/a> <\/em>commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject (&#8216;human behavior&#8217;, in the case of Simulmatics), but also the behaviors of the humans organizing the data, and even the behavior and characteristics of data itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/jlepore\/publications\/if-then-how-simulmatics-corporation-invented-future\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"150\" height=\"228\" src=\"http:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/image-e1609429180252.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1639\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Above all, what stood out for me were 1) the positively insane variation of real-world issues even in the preliminary stage of &#8216;data collection&#8217; and 2) the influence of the characters&#8217; blindness, which at least equalled their vision. (This shows itself most consequentially in the company&#8217;s Vietnam work.) Defensive techniques against randomness and bias in data are highly developed by now, of course, and &#8216;Big data&#8217; at our fingertips provides some stability&#8230; but, Jesus, what a mess it all is in real life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The mechanisms by which technology can undermine and warp its own future show up here with surprising clarity. It is easy to imagine how the studies and conclusions of our own time will similarly erode and rust, sooner or later giving in to the flow of time, events, and memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1581\">on-the-fly nature of memory we require for music<\/a> reminds us that we are constantly adjusting, relying on thin similarities, ducking and weaving, and somehow coming out with larger pictures and structures. These larger pictures cannot accurately arise from brittle, contrived models. Ultimately, even the process of &#8216;labelling&#8217; data proves an impediment to flexible knowledge, and to action. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cvillechambermusic.org\/op-111-analysis.html\">Music knows this<\/a>, better than most arts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Highly recommended, highly readable, worth sharing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore&#8217;s extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject (&#8216;human behavior&#8217;, in the case of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[61],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore&#039;s extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject (&#039;human behavior&#039;, in the case of\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.9\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Timothy Summers | musical explorations in performance and computation\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore&#039;s &#039;if then&#039;\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore&#039;s extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject (&#039;human behavior&#039;, in the case of\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-31T16:15:39+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-03T09:38:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore&#039;s &#039;if then&#039;\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore&#039;s extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject (&#039;human behavior&#039;, in the case of\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#article\",\"name\":\"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore's 'if then'\",\"headline\":\"Jill Lepore&#8217;s &#8216;if then&#8217;\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/image-e1609429180252.jpeg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591\\\/#articleImage\",\"width\":150,\"height\":228},\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-31T09:15:39-07:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-03T02:38:54-07:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"Commentary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?cat=61#listItem\",\"name\":\"Commentary\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?cat=61#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Commentary\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?cat=61\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#listItem\",\"name\":\"Jill Lepore&#8217;s &#8216;if then&#8217;\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Jill Lepore&#8217;s &#8216;if then&#8217;\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?cat=61#listItem\",\"name\":\"Commentary\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Timothy Summers\",\"description\":\"musical explorations in performance and computation\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?author=1#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?author=1\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/17c24d59b3e342a5546adb00887f0ee1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"admin\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591\",\"name\":\"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore's 'if then'\",\"description\":\"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore's extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject ('human behavior', in the case of\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?p=1591#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-31T09:15:39-07:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-03T02:38:54-07:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Timothy Summers\",\"description\":\"musical explorations in performance and computation\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.timsummers.org\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore's 'if then'","description":"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore's extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject ('human behavior', in the case of","canonical_url":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#article","name":"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore's 'if then'","headline":"Jill Lepore&#8217;s &#8216;if then&#8217;","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?author=1#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/image-e1609429180252.jpeg","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591\/#articleImage","width":150,"height":228},"datePublished":"2020-12-31T09:15:39-07:00","dateModified":"2021-01-03T02:38:54-07:00","inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#webpage"},"articleSection":"Commentary"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?cat=61#listItem","name":"Commentary"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?cat=61#listItem","position":2,"name":"Commentary","item":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?cat=61","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#listItem","name":"Jill Lepore&#8217;s &#8216;if then&#8217;"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#listItem","position":3,"name":"Jill Lepore&#8217;s &#8216;if then&#8217;","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?cat=61#listItem","name":"Commentary"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/#organization","name":"Timothy Summers","description":"musical explorations in performance and computation","url":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?author=1#author","url":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?author=1","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#authorImage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17c24d59b3e342a5546adb00887f0ee1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"admin"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591","name":"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore's 'if then'","description":"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore's extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject ('human behavior', in the case of","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?author=1#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?author=1#author"},"datePublished":"2020-12-31T09:15:39-07:00","dateModified":"2021-01-03T02:38:54-07:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/","name":"Timothy Summers","description":"musical explorations in performance and computation","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"en_US","og:site_name":"Timothy Summers | musical explorations in performance and computation","og:type":"article","og:title":"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore's 'if then'","og:description":"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore's extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject ('human behavior', in the case of","og:url":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/?p=1591","article:published_time":"2020-12-31T16:15:39+00:00","article:modified_time":"2021-01-03T09:38:54+00:00","twitter:card":"summary","twitter:title":"Timothy Summers | Jill Lepore's 'if then'","twitter:description":"The story of data analysis and prediction in Jill Lepore's extraordinary new book IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future commanded my attention. It will serve as a concrete reminder that when we analyze data, we cannot forget that we engage not only with the intended subject ('human behavior', in the case of"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"1591","title":"#site_title | Jill Lepore's 'if then'","description":null,"keywords":[],"keyphrases":{"focus":[],"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":[],"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[],"defaultGraph":"","defaultPostTypeGraph":""},"schema_type":"none","schema_type_options":"{\"webPage\":{\"webPageType\":\"WebPage\"},\"article\":{\"articleType\":\"BlogPosting\"},\"book\":[],\"course\":[],\"event\":[],\"jobPosting\":[],\"music\":[],\"person\":[],\"product\":[],\"recipe\":[],\"restaurant\":[],\"service\":[],\"software\":[],\"video\":[]}","pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":{"businessInfo":{"name":"","urls":{"website":"","aboutPage":"","contactPage":""},"address":{"line1":"","line2":"","zip":"","city":"","state":"","country":""},"contact":{"email":"","phone":"","fax":""},"ids":{"vatID":"","taxID":"","chamberID":""},"payment":{"priceIndication":"","currenciesAccepted":"","methodsAccepted":""},"areaServed":""},"openingHours":{"show":false,"closedLabel":"","open24h":false,"open24hLabel":"","open247":false,"use24hFormat":false,"twoSets":false,"timezone":"","hours":[]}},"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":null,"created":"2020-12-28 22:24:26","updated":"2025-06-04 00:20:59","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1591"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1654,"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1591\/revisions\/1654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.timsummers.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}